Key Sources

Archaeology

Record Number Citation
KNIC001

Knick, Stanley. “Because it is right.”The Museum of the Southeast American Indian Center. U of North Carolina at Pembroke, 1998. Updated 29 September 2010. Key source

Archaeology

Communities in Robeson County that are mainly Lumbee

Record Number Citation
BLU0002

Blu, Karen I. “'Where do you stay at?' Home place and community among the Lumbee.” Senses of place. Ed. Steven Feld and Keith H. Basso. Santa Fe, NM: School of American Research Press, 1996. Pp. 197-227. Key source

Communities in Robeson County that are mainly Lumbee
BLU0001

Blu, Karen I. “'Reading back' to find community: Lumbee ethnohistory.” In North American Indian anthropology: essays on society and culture. Ed. Raymond J. DeMallie and Alfonso Ortig. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994. Pp. 278-95. Key source

Communities in Robeson County that are mainly Lumbee
HUNT017

Hunt, Elmer W. The Elmer W. Hunt photograph collection. U of North Carolina at Pembroke Library, Pembroke, NC, 1953-1973. Key source

Communities in Robeson County that are mainly Lumbee

Crime, criminal justice, and law

Record Number Citation
WERT001

Wertheimer, John W. "Native Americans and school desegregation: the Chavis case in Robeson County.” Law and society in the South: A history of North Carolina court cases. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 2009. Pp.165–189. Notes, Pp. 251–264. Key source

Crime, criminal justice, and law

Drama and pageants

Record Number Citation
OAKL003

Oakley, Christopher Arris. “The legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind! and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina.” Mississippi quarterly 60.1 (Winter/Spring 2007): 59–80. Key source

Drama and pageants
HUNT017

Hunt, Elmer W. The Elmer W. Hunt photograph collection. U of North Carolina at Pembroke Library, Pembroke, NC, 1953-1973. Key source

Drama and pageants

Education–-higher and UNC-Pembroke

Record Number Citation
KNIC029

Knick, Stanley, and Linda E. Oxendine. “Standing in the gap: American Indian Studies at the University of North Carolina—Pembroke.” In: Native American Studies in higher education: models for collaboration between universities and indigenous nations. Ed. Duane Champagne and Jay Stauss. Walnut Creek, CA: Altamira P, 2002. Chapter 11, pages 191-202. Key source

Education–-higher and UNC-Pembroke
HUNT017

Hunt, Elmer W. The Elmer W. Hunt photograph collection. U of North Carolina at Pembroke Library, Pembroke, NC, 1953-1973. Key source

Education–-higher and UNC-Pembroke

Education–-public schools and overviews

Record Number Citation
WERT001

Wertheimer, John W. "Native Americans and school desegregation: the Chavis case in Robeson County.” Law and society in the South: A history of North Carolina court cases. Lexington: UP of Kentucky, 2009. Pp.165–189. Notes, Pp. 251–264. Key source

Education–-public schools and overviews
DIAL002

Dial, Heather Kimberly. "Chapter 10. Struggling for voice in a Black and White world: The Lumbee Indians' segregated educational experience in North Carolina." Transformations in schooling: Historical and comparative perspectives. Ed. Kim Tolley. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2007. Pages 225-250. Key source

Education–-public schools and overviews
HUNT017

Hunt, Elmer W. The Elmer W. Hunt photograph collection. U of North Carolina at Pembroke Library, Pembroke, NC, 1953-1973. Key source

Education–-public schools and overviews

Federal acknowledgment

Record Number Citation
LOWE009

Lowery, Malinda Maynor. The Lumbee Indians: An American struggle. U of North Carolina P, 2018.

Federal acknowledgment
KNIC001

Knick, Stanley. “Because it is right.”The Museum of the Southeast American Indian Center. U of North Carolina at Pembroke, 1998. Updated 29 September 2010. Key source

Federal acknowledgment
KNIC031

Knick, Stanley.

Federal acknowledgment
BLU0005

Blu, Karen I. “5. Region and recognition: Southern Indians, anthropologists, and presumed biology.” In: Anthropologists and Indians in the new South. Ed. Rachel A. Bonney and J. Anthony Paredes. Tuscaloosa: Alabama UP, 2001. Pages 71-85; notes on pages 238-240. Key source

Federal acknowledgment
WILK002

Wilkins, David E. “The Lumbee tribe and its quest for federal recognition: Lumbee Centurions on the Trail of Many Years.” In: A good Cherokee, a good anthropologist. Ed. Steve Pavlik. Los Angeles: American Indian Studies Center, University of California, Los Angeles, 1998. Pp. 149-75. Key source

Federal acknowledgment
BORD001

Bordewich, Fergus M. Killing the white man's Indian: reinventing Native Americans at the end of the twentieth century. New York: Doubleday, 1996. [See Chapter 2, “We Ain't Got Feathers and Beads,” pp.60-92.] Key source

Federal acknowledgment
PARE001

Paredes, J. Anthony. “Paradoxes of modernism and Indianness in the Southeast.” American Indian Quarterly 19.3 (Summer 1995): 341-60. Key source

Federal acknowledgment
WILK007

Wilkins, David E. "Breaking into the intergovernmental matrix: the Lumbee Tribe's efforts to secure federal acknowledgment." Publius: The journal of federalism 23. 4 (Fall 1993): 123-142. Key source

Federal acknowledgment

Genealogy

Record Number Citation
BARN002

Barnhill, Jane Blanks. Sacred Grounds: "Gone but Not Forgotten". St. Pauls, NC: Jane Blanks Barnhill, 2007. 374 p. Key source

Genealogy
BRAY009

Brayboy, Tim, and Bruce Barton. Playing before an overflow crowd: the story of Indian basketball in Robeson, North Carolina, and adjoining counties. Chapel Hill, NC: Chapel Hill P, 2003. 201 pages. Key source

Genealogy
BRIT004

Britt, Morris F. "Appendix T. List of Lumbee surnames with dates of appearance in the greater Lumbee Settlement (N=523 surnames) 1740-2007." 107 pages. Key source

Genealogy
1023

Oxendine, Carol Smith, comp. Twelfth Census of Population, 1900. North Carolina Vol. 56 E. D.s 100-122 (Indian Population). Pembroke, NC: Lumbee Regional Development Association, 1982. [Alternate title: 1900 federal census information of Indians of Robeson County, North Carolina.] Key source

Genealogy

Health–-including conventional medicine and folk medicine

Record Number Citation
BOUG003

Boughman, Arvis Locklear, and Loretta O. Oxendine. Herbal remedies of the Lumbee Indians.

Health–-including conventional medicine and folk medicine

Henry Berry Lowry era

Record Number Citation
OAKL003

Oakley, Christopher Arris. “The legend of Henry Berry Lowry: Strike at the Wind! and the Lumbee Indians of North Carolina.” Mississippi quarterly 60.1 (Winter/Spring 2007): 59–80. Key source

Henry Berry Lowry era
MAYN001

Maynor, Malinda. “Violence and the racial boundary: fact and fiction in the swamps of Robeson County, 1831-1871.” Honors Thesis (History and Literature), Harvard College, 1995. Key source

Henry Berry Lowry era

Language: Lumbee English

Record Number Citation
WOLF010

Wolfram, Walt, Clare Dannenberg, Stanley Knick, and Linda Oxendine. Fine in the world: Lumbee language in time and place. Pembroke, NC: Museum of the Native American Resource Center, UNC-Pembroke, 2002. 92 pages. Key source

Language: Lumbee English
WOLF008

Wolfram, Walt. “From the brickhouse to the swamp.” American Language Review July/August 2001: 34-38. Key source

Language: Lumbee English
DANN003

Dannenberg, Clare Jacobs. “Moving toward a diachronic and synchronic definition of Lumbee English.” Thesis. North Carolina State University, 1996. 105 pages. Key source

Language: Lumbee English

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee

Record Number Citation
KNIC030

Knick, Stanley, ed. River spirits: a collection of Lumbee writings. Pembroke, NC: Native American Resource Center Publications, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, 2003. 174 pages. Key source

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee
HUMP001

Humphreys, Josephine. Nowhere else on earth: a novel. New York: Viking, 2000. 341 pages. Paperback edition: Penguin USA, October 2001. Key source

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee
BALL002

Ball, David. The swamp outlaws: The Civil War story of Henry Berry Lowery and his North Carolina Indian raiders. Bloomington, IN: 1st Books Library, 1999. 345 pages.

Another edition: Swamp outlaw: Henry Berry Lowery and his Civil War gang. Bloomington, IN: AuthorHouse, 2011. Key source

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee
384

Reising, R. W.  “Literary Depictions of Henry Berry Lowry: Mythic, Romantic, and Tragic.”  MELUS 17.1 (Spring 1991-1992): 87-103. Key source

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee
370

Williams, Bronwyn [pseud. for Dixie Browning and Mary Williams].  Stormwalker.  Harlequin Historical, vol. 47.  Toronto: Harlequin Books, 1990.

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee
VIZE001

Vizenor, Gerald. “Blue moon ceremonial.” In: Earthdivers: tribal narratives on mixed descent. Minneapolis: Minnesota UP, 1981. Pp. 67-76. Key source

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee
334

Fields, Jeff.  A Cry of Angels.  New York: Atheneum, 1974. Key source

Literature and creative writing by and/or about the Lumbee

Lumbee history

Record Number Citation
LOWE009

Lowery, Malinda Maynor. The Lumbee Indians: An American struggle. U of North Carolina P, 2018.

Lumbee history
LOWE004

Lowery, Malinda Maynor. Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity, and the Making of a Nation. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2010.   Key source

Lumbee history
UFLA001

University of Florida. Southeastern Indian Oral History Project (2005). P O Box 115215, Gainesville, FL, 32611. 1-352-392-7168. Key source

Lumbee history
MAYN014

Maynor, Malinda M. "People and place: Croatan Indians in Jim Crow Georgia, 1890-1920." Thesis. U of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2002. 43 p. 100 references (primary and secondary). Key source

Lumbee history
ANDE001

Anderson, Ryan K. “Lumbee kinship, community, and the success of the Red Banks Mutual Association.” American Indian Quarterly 23.2 (Spring 1999): 39-58. Key source

Lumbee history
59

Sider, Gerald M. Lumbee Indian histories: Race, ethnicity and Indian identity in the Southern United States.

Lumbee history
57

Lumbee River Legal Services. The Lumbee Petition.  Prepared in cooperation with the Lumbee Tribal Enrollment Office.  Julian T. Pierce and Cynthia Hunt-Locklear, authors.  Jack Campisi and Wesley White, consultants.  Pembroke, NC: Lumbee River Legal Services, 1987.

Lumbee history
54

Dial, Adolph L., and David K. Eliades. The only land I know: A history of the Lumbee Indians. San Francisco: Indian Historian P, 1975.  Rpt.

Lumbee history
1118

Evans, W. McKee. To die game: the story of the Lowry Band, Indian guerillas of Reconstruction. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State UP, 1971. Reprinted, with a new foreword by James M. McPherson. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 1995 Key source

Lumbee history
1083

Norment, Mary C. The Lowrie History, As Acted in Part by Henry Berry Lowrie, the Great North Carolina Bandit. With Biographical Sketches of His Associates. Being a Complete History of the Modern Robber Band in the County of Robeson and State of North Carolina. Wilmington: Daily Journal Printer, 1875. Key source

Lumbee history

Media items: CDs; DVDs; audio; video

Record Number Citation
LUMB011

Lumbee by grace: landmarks in Lumbee identity. Videocassette. 29.20 minutes. Pembroke, NC: Museum of the Native American Resource Center, Mass Communications Dept., and Media Integration Project, UNC-Pembroke, 2002. Remastered as DVD, 2007. Key source

Media items: CDs; DVDs; audio; video
MAYN005

Maynor, Malinda. Real Indian. Videocassette (1/2 in, sound, color). 7.5 min. New York: Women Make Movies, 1996. DVD re-release, 2009. Key source

Media items: CDs; DVDs; audio; video

Music and dance; pow-wows; parades

Record Number Citation
MAYN019

Maynor, Malinda, and Judy Kertesz. Sounds of Faith [Website]. 1999-2002.

Music and dance; pow-wows; parades
MAYN009

Sounds of Faith. Dir. and prod. by Malinda M. Maynor. Videocassette. Department of Communication, Stanford U, 1997. 14 min. Key source

Music and dance; pow-wows; parades

Oral history

Record Number Citation
UFLA001

University of Florida. Southeastern Indian Oral History Project (2005). P O Box 115215, Gainesville, FL, 32611. 1-352-392-7168. Key source

Oral history

Origins of the tribe

Record Number Citation
THOM001

Thomas, Robert K. A report on research of Lumbee origins. Unpublished manuscript, 1976?  71 pages. Key source

Origins of the tribe

Overviews and studies–comprehensive

Record Number Citation
LOWE009

Lowery, Malinda Maynor. The Lumbee Indians: An American struggle. U of North Carolina P, 2018.

Overviews and studies–comprehensive
KNIC027

Knick, Stanley. The Lumbee in context: toward an understanding. Pembroke, NC: Native American Resource Center, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, 2000. Key source

Overviews and studies–comprehensive
59

Sider, Gerald M. Lumbee Indian histories: Race, ethnicity and Indian identity in the Southern United States.

Overviews and studies–comprehensive
58

Dial, Adolph L. The Lumbee. Indians of North America. New York : Chelsea House, 1993. 112 p. Key source

Overviews and studies–comprehensive
55

Blu, Karen I. The Lumbee problem: the making of an American Indian people. 1980; Lincoln: Nebraska UP, 2001. Key source

Overviews and studies–comprehensive
49

McPherson, O. M. Indians of North Carolina: Letter from the Secretary of the Interior, Transmitting, in Response to a Senate Resolution of June 30, 1914. Caption Title: Report on Condition and Tribal Rights of the Indians of Robeson and Adjoining Counties of North Carolina. US. 63rd Congress, 3rd Session. S. Doc. 677. Dated 5 Jan. 1915. Serial Set 6772. 252 p. Key source

Overviews and studies–comprehensive

Overviews--brief

Record Number Citation
BLU0006

Blu, Karen I. “Lumbee.” Handbook of North American Indians. Vol. 14, Southeast. Ed. Raymond D. Fogelson. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2004. Pages 319-327. Key source

Overviews--brief
GAIL001

Gaillard, Frye. Chapter 9, “The pride of the Lumbees.” As long as the waters flow: Native Americans in the South and the East. Winston-Salem, NC: John F. Blair, 1998.  Pp. 149-166. Key source

Overviews--brief

Photography and film

Record Number Citation
HUNT017

Hunt, Elmer W. The Elmer W. Hunt photograph collection. U of North Carolina at Pembroke Library, Pembroke, NC, 1953-1973. Key source

Photography and film

Race relations and segregation

Record Number Citation
LOWE004

Lowery, Malinda Maynor. Lumbee Indians in the Jim Crow South: Race, Identity, and the Making of a Nation. Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina P, 2010.   Key source

Race relations and segregation

Red Banks Mutual Association; farming

Record Number Citation
OKUD001

Okuda-Jacobs, Angelina. “Planting health, culture and sovereignty: traditional horticulture of the Lumbee Nation of North Carolina.” Thesis (M.S., Land Resources). U of Wisconsin-Madison, 2000. 90 p. Key source

Red Banks Mutual Association; farming
ANDE001

Anderson, Ryan K. “Lumbee kinship, community, and the success of the Red Banks Mutual Association.” American Indian Quarterly 23.2 (Spring 1999): 39-58. Key source

Red Banks Mutual Association; farming

Religion and churches

Record Number Citation
MAYN019

Maynor, Malinda, and Judy Kertesz. Sounds of Faith [Website]. 1999-2002.

Religion and churches
MAYN009

Sounds of Faith. Dir. and prod. by Malinda M. Maynor. Videocassette. Department of Communication, Stanford U, 1997. 14 min. Key source

Religion and churches
HUNT017

Hunt, Elmer W. The Elmer W. Hunt photograph collection. U of North Carolina at Pembroke Library, Pembroke, NC, 1953-1973. Key source

Religion and churches

Robeson County

Record Number Citation
HUNT017

Hunt, Elmer W. The Elmer W. Hunt photograph collection. U of North Carolina at Pembroke Library, Pembroke, NC, 1953-1973. Key source

Robeson County

Sports and athletics

Record Number Citation
BRAY009

Brayboy, Tim, and Bruce Barton. Playing before an overflow crowd: the story of Indian basketball in Robeson, North Carolina, and adjoining counties. Chapel Hill, NC: Chapel Hill P, 2003. 201 pages. Key source

Sports and athletics

Tribal name and identity

Record Number Citation
LUMB011

Lumbee by grace: landmarks in Lumbee identity. Videocassette. 29.20 minutes. Pembroke, NC: Museum of the Native American Resource Center, Mass Communications Dept., and Media Integration Project, UNC-Pembroke, 2002. Remastered as DVD, 2007. Key source

Tribal name and identity
MAYN005

Maynor, Malinda. Real Indian. Videocassette (1/2 in, sound, color). 7.5 min. New York: Women Make Movies, 1996. DVD re-release, 2009. Key source

Tribal name and identity
57

Lumbee River Legal Services. The Lumbee Petition.  Prepared in cooperation with the Lumbee Tribal Enrollment Office.  Julian T. Pierce and Cynthia Hunt-Locklear, authors.  Jack Campisi and Wesley White, consultants.  Pembroke, NC: Lumbee River Legal Services, 1987.

Tribal name and identity