Digital Scholarship and Initiatives

Download the Index

This index was first published as part of The Lumbee Indians: an annotated bibliography, with chronology and index (McFarland, 1994), which is out of print. The index is now available for download as a PDF file. A PDF reader is required to read this document. If you do not have a PDF reader on your computer, you may get one for free from the Adobe Reader website.

How do I get the full text of the articles listed in the Carolina Indian Voice index?

Microfilm copies of the Carolina Indian Voice for most or all of the years covered by this index, and in some cases later years as well, are available at the UNC-Pembroke Library (Pembroke, NC; 1973-2005), the Robeson County Public Library (Lumberton, NC; 1973-1990), and the State Library of North Carolina (Raleigh, NC; 1977-2005; some issues missing). You can visit one of these libraries if it’s convenient. If not, write down the topics and references for the articles you want (for example: Ku Klux Klan Routing (1958): Oc 1 81:2, Mr 1 90:5). Go to your local library, and ask the library to submit an interlibrary loan request for these articles.

What about articles since 1993?

Selected later articles from the Carolina Indian Voice have been included as bibliography entries on this website. The newspaper ceased publication with the March 31, 2005 issue.

User's Guide to the Carolina Indian Voice Index

This important guide explains what kinds of articles were included, what abbreviations are used in the index, and what issues were missing from the microfilm. It appeared in The Lumbee Indians: An annotated bibliography, pages xvi-xviii.

In terms of newspaper issues covered, this index is complete only through May 16, 1991 because of issues missing from my subscription. From that date through Feb. 4, 1993, I have indexed the issues I received. A few major articles from Feb. 11 through Oct. 28, 1993, were included. Because of space constraints and the time such indexing consumes, the index is selective. It includes major articles dealing with Lumbees or Tuscaroras which were judged potentially useful to researchers. These types of articles were excluded: weddings; wedding anniversaries; most family reunions; engagement announcements; birthday parties; beauty pageants; most retirements; most club and service organization news; notes on individuals in the military; most church and fire department news; high school homecomings; social columns; most obituaries; minor awards and achievements; and news on Indian tribes outside North Carolina (except for articles on Lumbees in other states). Regular columns are noted under their broad topic; for instance, "Baltimore (MD)". Except for installments with special research value, regular columns were not indexed. Articles on one particular political campaign, or articles listing results of one election, were indexed under that office (for example, "Robeson County—Board of Education—Elections"). If an article discusses several campaigns, or if an issue of the Carolina Indian Voice contains several separate articles on elections, only one entry appears, under "Elections." Articles on meetings of the county commissioners, county Board of Education, and Pembroke Town Council were indexed under the name of the organization. Only major articles on LRDA and the Title IV Compensatory Indian Education program were included.

Announcements of new businesses in Pembroke; biographical sketches on elderly Lumbees and on Lumbees who have made outstanding accomplishments; and PSU or high school class reunions were indexed. The following topics were indexed extensively: Strike at the Wind!; Lumbee Homecoming; Gene Locklear and other athletes and artists; any articles related to research, publications, or historical information on Lumbees or Tuscaroras; and controversial topics (double-voting, the school system merger, PSU chancellor selection, the PSU/UNC-P issue, and the Robesonian hostage-taking). Editorials and letters to the editor were indexed selectively.

If two or more articles on the same topic appear in the same issue, the references were combined. For instance: Strike at the Wind! L Jl 19 79: 1, 2. indicates an article on page 1 and letters to the editor on page 2.

Assume "Lumbee" as a modifier for general headings. For instance, "Art and Artists" refers to Lumbee people who practice art or are professional artists.

An asterisk indicates an especially important article. Personal names, in most cases, were not standardized; they are listed exactly as given in the articles. Search under any variations of a person's name that you might be aware of. Articles on two different individuals with the same name may be listed together.

Index headings and subheadings were not always applied consistently, so check under any possible headings for a topic. Follow up on all cross-references.

Abbreviations used in the Carolina Indian Voice Index:

For some issues of the Carolina Indian Voice, nothing was indexed because there were no articles meeting the criteria. Other issues were missing from the microfilmed edition of the Carolina Indian Voice held by libraries in Robeson County. Some issues were filmed out of focus; others were filmed with page 1 missing.

Following is a list of issues I was unable to index, or issues out of sequence on microfilm.

• Nov. 29, 1973 Page 1 missing from microfilm
• July 11, 1974 Page 1 missing from microfilm
• Feb. 13, 1975 Page 1 missing from microfilm
• June 12, 1975 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Jan. 1, 1976 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Dec. 2, 1976 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Dec. 9, 1976 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Sept. 1, 1977 Indexed, but out of sequence on microfilm. Follows Aug. 26, 1976
• Nov. 17, 1977 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• March 30, 1978 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• January, 1979 All issues missing from microfilm
• Feb. 1, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Feb. 22, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• May 3, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• May 10, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• May 17, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Aug. 9, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Aug. 16, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Aug. 23, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Nov. 15, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Nov. 29, 1979 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Jan. 1, 1981 Indexed, but out of sequence on microfilm. Follows Dec. 24, 1974
• Jan. 21, 1982 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Jan. 28, 1982 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Dec. 2, 1982 Issue filmed out of focus; most pages illegible
• Dec. 9, 1982 Issue filmed out of focus; most pages illegible
• Dec. 16, 1982 Issue filmed out of focus; most pages illegible
• Dec. 23, 1982 Issue filmed out of focus; most pages illegible
• Dec. 30, 1982 Issue filmed out of focus; most pages illegible
• Apr. 18, 1985 Issue filmed out of focus; most pages illegible
• March 5, 1987 Entire issue missing from microfilm
• Apr. 2, 1987 Entire issue missing from microfilm

Users interested in the missing issues since May 24, 1979, could consult the microfilm at the State Historical Society of Wisconsin, which is a different edition.

An introduction to the Carolina Indian Voice newspaper

This article by Lew Barton, with an update by Bruce Barton (founder and first editor of the newspaper), appeared in The Lumbee Indians: An annotated bibliography, pages 187-188:

"A Decade of Service; Progress"

By Lew Barton

[From: Carolina Indian Voice, 10th Anniversary Edition, January 20, 1980, p. 1.]

Since January 1, 1973, my eldest son Bruce Barton has been articulating the affairs and concerns of the North Carolina Indians ... and of all Indians generally. Aided and abetted by a younger brother (Garry Lewis Barton) and a younger sister (Connee Brayboy), he has made journalistic and publishing history. For one thing, although a number of former attempts were made, theirs has been the only Indian periodical in the state to survive, all the others sooner or later falling by the wayside. The Indian Observer, the Pembroke Progress, the Lumbee ... these and other "voices" saw the light of day for a brief span, then lapsed into silence. Yet for a full decade, come Hades or high water, the Carolina Indian Voice has prevailed, issue after issue appearing as regularly as clockwork.

In a tri-racial setting such as ours in Robeson County, North Carolina, that is no small accomplishment. I salute these younger people, armed only with Indian determination and their brighter dreams of a more glorious tomorrow for all our people. They have truly made Robeson a better county in which to live. They have, in fact, enhanced Indian life throughout the state.

Interestingly enough, the life of the Carolina Indian Voice has coincided with the Indian renaissance, experienced not only in this but also in other states of the nation. We saw our Robeson Indians become national models for Indian education and Indian economic advancement generally. We saw individuals from our own group take high and great places of natural Indian leadership, and come away with honor after honor. And so it is that the Carolina Indian Voice has much to celebrate, much for which to be justly proud.

The news covered during those ten years has not been all good, but neither has it been all bad. And there have been more success stories, I believe, than stories of violence and mayhem. The paper has observed, reported, formulated and expressed opinion. But it has not only observed and reported upon life in unique Robeson. It has also become an integral part of that life.

One of the most important functions of the Carolina Indian Voice is that it has helped one Indian in one location keep in touch with another Indian in another. And it has helped to keep the Indian community at large functioning as a single unit, in a very real sense. We have no longer been totally isolated from each other, striving to continue without communication.

God bless the Carolina Indian Voice and those who strive so faithfully to keep it afloat, in good times and bad. It has touched all our lives, and mostly for good. May it continue to publish and flourish in all the decades ahead for the blessing and edification of us all!

The paper has helped to right wrongs, air grievances, improve bad situations and make our very lives more liveable. Any community without a voice is a sad community, indeed. And no matter what anyone may contend to the contrary, the Carolina Indian Voice, in fact, has been just that ... a community voice.

Some ten years ago, I had fears that the Indian community might eventually disappear altogether. We no longer had our community schools and their related activities, per se. What was going to happen to us? Now, a decade later, I am more confident than ever that the Indian community will go on forever.

We are experts at survival. I still grow misty-eyed when I recall from Indian tradition how that little band of colonists and Indians set out from "Roanoke in Virginia" (now Roanoke Island, North Carolina) to brave the perils of a vast, untamed wilderness in 1587. We have faced up to all the rigors and dangers between that point in time and now and have been victorious.

Yes, Brandi, my sweet little granddaughter, and Dennis, my equally sweet little grandson, in case you ever ask, as I am sure you will, there will always be Robeson Indians. Bruce, Connee and Garry, like their father, have printer's ink in their veins.

Moreover, they have the love of their community in their hearts, and thus I am reassured.

EDITOR'S NOTE:

Since the original article was written in 1983 as part of the Carolina Indian Voice's 10th year anniversary, some changes have occurred. The most obvious and traumatic one is that Bruce Barton resigned as editor of the Carolina Indian Voice in 1986; he was ably replaced by Connee Barton Brayboy, who continues to carry the Bartons' journalistic tradition forward. Bruce Barton, whose only explanation for stepping down is that "... I was spiritually depleted ...," is now a social studies teacher in the Robeson County Schools. Lew Barton, the progenitor of the Barton clan, now lives sublimely in retirement in Pembroke resting on his 73 years of laurels. Garry Lewis Barton continues as a typesetter and darkroom mechanic for a newspaper chain in nearby South Carolina.

Bruce Barton

Pembroke, North Carolina

May 1, 1991